Correction and Retraction

Halal International Journal is committed to keeping the scholarly record accurate, transparent, and trustworthy. The journal handles corrections and retractions according to its publication ethics policies and the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Corrections. A correction may be issued when an error or inaccuracy is found in a published article but does not undermine its main findings. Examples include mistakes in author names or affiliations, references, tables, figures, statistical values, or excerpts of learner data. Depending on the nature and seriousness of the problem, the journal may publish a correction notice, a clarification, or additional analysis, and link it to the original article.

Retractions. A retraction may be considered when there is clear evidence that the published findings cannot be relied on because of research misconduct or serious error, redundant publication, plagiarism (including translation plagiarism, where work in another language is presented as original without attribution), or unethical research practice, such as collecting data from learners or minors without proper consent. Allegations of misconduct are investigated fairly and in line with established ethical guidelines. Authors are given the chance to respond, and independent experts may be consulted where needed.

When a retraction is justified, the journal publishes a retraction notice that explains the reasons and links it to the original article, so that the scholarly record stays transparent and complete. Where appropriate, the original article remains available, clearly marked as retracted.

Reporting concerns. Vision invites authors, reviewers, and readers to report suspected errors or misconduct to the editorial office. The journal will take appropriate action based on the outcome of its investigation to protect the credibility and integrity of the research it publishes.

Journal’s policies on corrections and retractions are based on the Public Knowledge Project (PKP)’s documentation and the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)’s retraction guidelines.

While errors in the publication record should be avoided if possible, prior to publishing, the journal will be proactive to address potential corrections or retractions. Necessity for corrections and retractions can arise from a number of sources, including:

  • Error within the publication process
  • Author request
  • Report by reader or external party

Corrections and retractions in the journal can be categorized into three major categories:

  • Minor Corrections: small errors that do not substantially change the content of the published work. For example: typos, metadata errors.
  • Substantive Corrections: meaningful errors that impact the content. For example: addition or removal of meaningful sentences / paragraphs, changes to figures or data.
  • Retractions: take-down of entire works (partial retractions should be avoided, and treated as a substantive correction).

Editor in Chief should consider retracting a publication if:

  • There is a clear evidence that the findings are unreliable, either as a result of major error (eg, miscalculation or experimental error), or as a result of fabrication (eg, of data) or falsification (eg, image manipulation)
  • It constitutes plagiarism
  • The findings have previously been published elsewhere without proper attribution to previous sources or disclosure to the editor, permission to republish, or justification (ie, cases of redundant publication)
  • It contains material or data without authorisation for use
  • Copyright has been infringed or there is some other serious legal issue (eg, libel, privacy)
  • It reports unethical research
  • It has been published solely on the basis of a compromised or manipulated peer review process
  • The author(s) failed to disclose a major competing interest (a.k.a. conflict of interest) that, in the view of the editor, would have unduly affected interpretations of the work or recommendations by editors and peer reviewers.

Notices of retraction will be made in the presence of a retraction:

  • Be linked to the retracted article wherever possible (ie, in all online versions)
  • Clearly identify the retracted article (eg, by including the title and authors in the retraction heading or citing the retracted article)
  • Be clearly identified as a retraction (ie, distinct from other types of correction or comment)
  • Be published promptly to minimise harmful effects
  • Be freely available to all readers (ie, not behind access barriers or available only to subscribers)
  • State who is retracting the article
  • State the reason(s) for retraction
  • Be objective, factual and avoid inflammatory language

Retractions are not usually appropriate if:

  • The authorship is disputed but there is no reason to doubt the validity of the findings
  • The main findings of the work are still reliable and correction could sufficiently address errors or concerns
  • The Editor in Chief has inconclusive evidence to support retraction, or is awaiting additional information such as from an institutional investigation
  • Author conflicts of interest have been reported to the journal after publication, but in the editor’s view these are not likely to have influenced interpretations or recommendations or the conclusions of the article.